Saturday, November 16, 2019
Keeping kosher in a contemporary world Essay Example for Free
Keeping kosher in a contemporary world Essay Every religion found under the face of the earth where human beings live has its practical dimension. This is allowed because this practical dimension of a religion majority defines this religion, providing a bit of uniqueness hence distinguishing this religion from others. One of the aspects found in the practical dimension is the diet. Some religious like Judaism have dietary laws that govern consumption of nutrients of human that happen to be embraces of the religion. Kosher if viewed as a dietary practice of the Judaism religion, this is the proper choices and preparation of foods as pertains to the ancient Jewish ritual and dietary regulations. Kosher is food that is conformed to strictly-stated Jewish biblical laws which involve not only to the variety of food consumed but to the types of food that combinable at a single meal (e. g. daily and meat products re not miscible) alternatively, it would be rightly noted that Kesher is food that would be considered fit for consumption as pertains to the biblical and rabbinic dietary regulations which are electively known as Kashnet (Shternshis, Anna, 2006). Kosher has its origin traced back during exodus of the Jews from Egypt after 400 years of slavery. Kosher, a basic content requirement in traced bank during exodus of the Jews from Egypt after 400 years of slavery. Kosher, a basic content requirement in kashnut is among the laws derived from the torah books of Deuteronomy and Leviticus with their details given in the oral law. The reason for adoption of such a king of regulation s not clearly stated in the torah and therefore there are various reasons sourced from different perspectives. These perspectives range from ritualistic and philosophical to practical and hygienic. Religions like Islam also have different but related systems like herbal. Kosher food, having firm principles and requirements depicting the value and worth of being properly preserved to be passed even form one generation to the other, has great attraction to many people. Whether a conservative Jew or a reformed Jew there is an utter need and essence to main kosher as a dietary precise. It should be strictly adhered to on the basis that itââ¬â¢s a mater of religious obligation though modernly, this is no longer binding. The contemporary Jews have portrayed a different way of observance to dietary practices as pertains to keshnut. However, these contemporary folds of Jews maintain and follow some sections of the laws. Some subset of laws maintained by this folk are: abstinence from pork/shellfish, avoiding taking milk with meat as a dish. Likewise many observe some bit of kashnut on kosher at have whole no objections taking meals in a restaurant that does not observe kosher values. Another group of these contemporary Jews will strictly adhere to these dietary laws when eating out yet when at home. They would observe none On the perseverance of the kosher, the Jewish family who the examinant members are embracing the utterly adhering to the judicial religion is divided into two major groups. These groups all agree and admit the fact that kosher should be kept alive and burning in their culture and day to day religious norms. However the conflict arises whereby one group believes that kosher should be kelp just as it is, a whole of it and continue in practices. While the other group feels kosher should only be kept considering some specific aspects. The traditional learning function that really advocates for the perseverance and observance of the utter kosher practices does so with their main reasons being: the desire to absolutely maintain this dietary practice in an authentic way with no modernizations whatsoever. Subsequently the faction advocating for the perseverance of particular parts of base their view on an opinion that there are various technological advancements hence some parts of this practice and food are made in these newly introduced and adopted forms. This faction argues that observance of kosher should be done in a non-binding way. This faction argues that observance of kosher should be done in non-binding way. This wing introduces ethical kosher as it is even patched in different part of the world. The faction therefore embraces as opinion that fitness of food is wholly dependent on how it is ethically; produced especially in relation to its impact on the people and the world as a whole. This faction is for the view that maintenance of kosher is basically for the companion and contrast to other cultures on dietary basis.
Thursday, November 14, 2019
Hardy :: essays papers
Hardy A Question On Hardy: Where Did His Writings Come From Born into an agricultural community and untouched by industrialism, Thomas Hardyââ¬â¢s pessimism and determinism is what made his themes and styles stand out from other contemporary writers. According to Zabel, Schopenhaur inspired his pessimistic nature. Because of Schopenhaurââ¬â¢s influence, pessimism was the primary view of his writings. Zabel had also stated the driving force behind his works was majority influenced by Spinoza and his determinism. Hardyââ¬â¢s determinism is what made him categorize his characters and give a definitive plot to his works.(26) Thomas Hardyââ¬â¢s talent for writing and his offensive nature are what made him unique for his contemporary moment. He derived his thoughts from the unknown depths of his mind. Thomas Hardyââ¬â¢s writes always reflected his feeling at that moment in time. Whenever someone offered criticism on his work or gave a skeptical remark towards his work, he would somehow include them in whatever he was busy writing. Hardyââ¬â¢s ideal reflected his pessimistic way of being. According to Zabel Hardyââ¬â¢s temperament came from: ââ¬Å"Conformist and skeptical tendencies; in his humanism of stoic acquiescence with gifted, Rebellious, or destructive aberrations from the human norm as against his sympathy with the rudimentary types and stable humors of the folk.â⬠This affirms his belief in herd mentality being absolutely ridiculous. He insisted that an intellectual should have his own individualism and should be self-productive. Hardy tends to attack the publicââ¬â¢s normality, usually laughing at their lack of character. His pessimistic nature is what shaped his humanistic views. His confidence and modest temper never suffered Schopenhaurââ¬â¢s exuberance. To challenge Hardyââ¬â¢s critics, he used them as characters with a permanent downfall. Hardy wrote with trial and error impressions. A trial and error impression is one where it is harder to find the true meaning behind the mask that Hardy puts over it. Hardy deliberately made his stories uncomprehendable to first time readers, ââ¬Å"on first reading at least, nettles the sympathy, offers stumbling-blocks to attention, and is likely to make the suspension of disbelief a resentful ordeal.
Monday, November 11, 2019
Responding To The Wii Essay
Executive summary: Given the current market scenario, Sony will have to fight on both fronts. The Wii has unlocked a new segment of the market. Sony should adapt its strategy to address this new market. But Sony must not lose sight of the big picture, to win the long term race for the ââ¬Å"center of the living roomâ⬠. Sony should leverage its relation with game developers to introduce simpler games for the casual gamer. It has to keep targeting the hardcore gamer and it must continue to provide additional value as a single device for gaming, streaming movies and television, internet surfing, video conferencing etc. How attractive does the video game industry look in late 2008? By 2008, the industry situation has become intense, with four of Porterââ¬â¢s five forces showing high threat (See Exhibit 1 in Appendix). However, the industry does hold the promise that the winner will occupy the ââ¬Å"center of the living roomâ⬠position, could potentially create a stranglehold on the entire entertainment industry and could reap profits. Therefore, the stakes in this battle are high. Why did Nintendo delay introducing its 16 bit video game system? Nintendo delayed introducing its 16 bit video game system in order to avoid cannibalizing sales of the 8-bit NES. But competitors came up with new value propositions to take away market share. For example Sega employed the Judo strategy to garner market by introducing its 16-bit version, Genesis, while Nintendo was concentrating on the 8-bit market. Sony, with its PlayStation and PlayStation 2 product lines took this game further. They expanded the target customer base to include grown-ups by creating games fit for all ages and combining forces with game developers. Did Sega use any elements of Judo Strategy? Sega effectively implemented Judo strategy by preventing its strong competitor Nintendo to come at it with full strength. Sega attacked the pieces of the play with various small steps. It started with leveraging the 16-bit opportunity, and setting lower prices for its Genesis to that of Super NES. Then it introduced its popular version of Sonic, the Hedgehog. It also hurt Nintendo by luring in third party developers with its low royalty strategy and built up twice the number of titles Nintendo had. In 3 yearsà Sega Genesis took over the market. How did PlayStation and PlayStation 2 win in their respective generations? With the industry becoming attractive, Sony entered the market with its 32-bit icon product ââ¬ËPlay Stationââ¬â¢ targeting a larger and mature audience. Sony, contrary to its competitors built up on the outsourcing strategy, by allowing developers more freedom, tools and income. Despite lagging on software titles, it was unstoppable in the hardware segment overpowering Sega. As leader of the industry, Sony launched its Play station 2 at 128-bit gearing up for the next revolution. Why did Microsoft get into the game? With the console games becoming attractive and multi capable compared to PC games, the PC giant Microsoft was concerned if the console platform takes over the PC platform. So it entered the video game console business with Xbox as a bet against Sonyââ¬â¢s Play station. It was hoping to become successful in the video game business as it has been in the PC software business. Surprisingly the same recipes didnââ¬â¢t cook well with the developers in this segment and Sony took over the throne by 2005. How was Nintendo able to regain the lead in videogames? With Microsoft and Xbox as strong contenders in the field, Nintendo was gearing up for the launch of its next generation console. While Microsoft was trying to leverage the early release of Xbox 360, Sony was dealing with its internal technicalities. Both the competitors had incorporated superior technological features in to their products. While Xbox had Digital Amplification, Play station had the most powerful console. The technology prowess was so much that the products were HD-DVD and Blu-ray compatible and had online gaming features. On the other hand, Nintendoââ¬â¢s machine was less advanced across all features of processing, compatibility, sound and memory. However, Nintendo could made Wii special with its user friendliness and targeted a larger audience of not avid gamers. Its innovative motion sensitivity and customizable features helped Wii overtake its rivals by 2008. Despite its low performing hardware or performance, it was its reachability to the large customer segment that generated its value proposition. What should Sony do now? Sony should work with game developers to create simple games that target the Wiiââ¬â¢s audience. However, Sonyââ¬â¢s gaming console should still be high tech to maintain its hold on the hard core gamer. Sony should market the new PlayStation line as a value add product that is the one stop source for the entire familyââ¬â¢s entertainment needs. This way, Sony can counter Wiiââ¬â¢s threat while also staying in the long term race for the ââ¬Å"center of the living roomâ⬠position. This position is essential for thwarting Microsoftââ¬â¢s plan of creating a stranglehold on the entire entertainment industry by being the electronic platform of choice in the home.
Saturday, November 9, 2019
Early Brain Development and Learning
It is not commonly known that the brain is 90% developed by age five. Most people believe that at age five children are just starting to learn. In fact, the brain absorbs more from birth to age five rather than from age five on. Parents and family can do many things to aid in the development of a babyââ¬â¢s brain, ultimately assisting in their learning. The sequence and rate at which the brain develops predicts the optimal times for a baby to learn. Sequence and rate is measured by milestones that a baby may reach by a certain age. Experiences are one thing that helps promote brain development. Our five senses give us these experiences. How in the first few years of life do we develop into the complex people we are today? We will look at how nature versus nurture; sensory perception; positive and negative experiences and both our social and physical environment contribute to and develop everything about whom we are as individuals. The brain is influenced in many different ways. The most important factors in brain development start with genetics, nutrition, and responsiveness from parents, daily experiences, and physical interactions. Parents need to know that children are learning and accepting more information that a fully grown adult. Children need positive and sensitive feedback from family. In the past, scientist believed that the human brains development was determined by a biologically determined path (Brotherson, 2005). This means that the brain would develop genetically through family, but leading technology and science proved that the brain is not predetermined genetically by family. The brain matures through the five senses: smell, touch, vision, taste, and hearing. The experiences that the five senses bring are very crucial to help build the connections that guide brain development. The importance of the parents understanding of the first few years of his or her childââ¬â¢s life is extremely important. As Titzer, P. H. D, (2008) uses a computer metaphor to explain brain development he put it this way ââ¬Å"Your babyââ¬â¢s brain could be thought of as a highly responsive, self-programming computer. For the first few years, the hardware is still coming together ââ¬â a baby is not a finished product, but a growing, developing individual, complete with organic ââ¬Å"circuitryâ⬠ââ¬â the central nervous systemâ⬠(p. ). The brain will absorb more with more stimulation. At an earlier age stimulation for the brain circuitry is at its best. This will cause the brain circuitry to develop more effectively. The main function of the brain in the first three years of life is to create and support connections between neurons. The con nections are referred to as synapses. Synapses could be envisioned as the limbs on the tree. Imagine a large family tree with its trunk as the original lineage. Then the main branches are the families as they grow and have children. Neurons are like the trunk and the main branches of the tree. The number of neurons a baby is born with remains constant in the first three years of life. Synapses (all those years of lineage on the family tree) are all the little twigs and branches that come off the main trunk. In the first three years of life our brains synapses increase to a number in the hundreds of trillions. However, after age three the number of synapses begins to slow until age 10. During this period there are more synapses created than needed. A person creates more synapses than needed and the ââ¬Å"use it or lose itâ⬠theory applies to all the unused synapses. The synapses being used the most, meaning the circuits that transfer information the most become permanent to the brain. The synapses not used are lost in a process called pruning. In fact, the ability to see light is lost if the eyes are not exposed to light within the first three weeks of life, hence ââ¬Å"use it or lose itâ⬠theory (Hawley, 2003). This will happen because the synapses that can see light will be lost because they will not have been used. That is why we want to give our children as much experience socially and with learning as possible. With this kind of experience these synapses will become permanent. Brotherson (2005) describes a babyââ¬â¢s brain at this point like a ââ¬Å"â⬠super spongeâ⬠absorbing everything given to it (para. 4) The first three years are the most sensitive for learning and development (Gable & Huntington, 2001). The brain takes in these experiences through our five senses. According to Gable & Huntington (2001) ââ¬Å"an infantââ¬â¢s social, emotional, cognitive, physical and language development are stimulated during multisensory experiencesâ⬠(para. 12) During these first few years of life is most rapid growth period for the brain. At birth the brain is 25% developed, at six months it is 50% developed , at 30 months 75% developed and at age five it is already 90% developed. There have been many optimal opportunities for parents to teach their children many things from birth to this point already. Children at the age of two have been known to read at the reading level of a fifth grader because they were taught at the ââ¬Å"prime time. â⬠Acquiring the knowledge of how a babyââ¬â¢s brain develops and what can be done to influence it in a positive way can make a world of difference for a child. A positive influence during this critical period is very crucial. Let us take a look at nature versus nurture; sensory perception; positive and negative experiences and both our social and physical environment contribute to and develop everything about who we are as individuals. Take the study of nature, for example, our individual innate qualities versus nurture, and our personal experiences. As evidences by the recent Human Genome Project, it is currently believed that there is much more nurture than nature in the result of each of us. With this, how does nurture become nature? Let us look at the example of ââ¬Ëperfect pitchââ¬â¢ to show the relationship between genetics and environment. This is an example of howâ⬠heredity and environment can interactâ⬠(Davies, 2001, para. 3). Davies (2003) describes perfect pitch as ââ¬Å"The ability to recognize the absolute pitch of musical tone without any reference note. People with perfect pitch often have relatives with the same gift and research show this is a highly inherited gift, possibly the result of a single gene. However, studies also demonstrate a requirement for early musical training (before age 6) to manifest perfect pitch. Many personality and behavioral traits will not be exclusively the result of nature or nurture, but rather an inextricable combination of bothâ⬠(para. 5). _ Nature versus nurture and the role that heredity and environment have in human development indicates that with almost all biological and psychological traits genes and environment work together in communication back and forth to create us as individuals . No one questions it; this is the ying and the yang, the Adam and Eve, the Mom and Pop of pop psychology and genealogy. Nature and Nurture is what made us what we are today and will determine what our children will be tomorrow. I have heard the expression that life is all about perception. We all know people who are positive and those who are negative. And each of us has either an optimistic or pessimistic personality. How we perceive the world around us is i nherently a matter of our sensory perception of the world and largely that done in the first several years of life. We have many senses but we most often refer to the five senses of sight, hearing, smell, touch and taste. We are born with the need for a multisensory environment. Research shows that interactions that are associated with many of emotion are more ââ¬Å"readily remembered and recalledâ⬠_ __(Gable & Huntington, 2001, para. 17)_. With this, it is proven that with a multisensory environment we develop out temperament and emotions during an early the early stages of life. Developmental milestones are certain things that a child should be able to do by a certain age range. A childââ¬â¢s doctor will use these milestones to assess the development of a child in the area of his/her gross motor, fine motor, language, cognitive, and social skills. Even though each milestone has an age range, each child is different and unique so the age can vary significantly. One child may start to walk as early as seven months old and another child may not begin to walk until 16 months old and both would be considered normal. They both would be within the normal age range. In conclusion, we have looked at how genetics and environment in early brain development occurs as well as the importance of multiple sensory experiences, positive interactions, and social and physical stimulation in early development of a variety of cognitive and behavioral skills. It was briefly discussed that there are many interventions and treatments for improvement in many areas of interrupted brain development due to early childhood trauma, stress, and neglect with appropriate intervention. Many agencies today focus on education for parents and caregivers to ensure a more positive and educational experience for the early brain development. References Brotherson, Gable,S. & Hunting, M. (2001). Nature, Nurture and Early Brain Development. Retrieved from http://extension. missouri. edu/publications/DisplayPub. aspx? P=GH6115 Hawley, T. (2003). Starting Smart. How Early Experiences Affect Brain Development. Titzer, R. Ph. D. (2008). Your Baby Can Read. Carlsbad, Ca
Thursday, November 7, 2019
Biblical Judaism essays
Biblical Judaism essays The Hasmonean dynasty can be considered to be a turning point in the history of the biblical Jewish ancient state. It represented the time in history that marked two important moments in the Jewish culture: on the one hand, the end of the Maccabean Wars, and on the other hand, the start of the Roman rule over Palestine. The most important contribution of the reign of the Hasmonean dynasty was the period of development for the Jewish people. One of the most visible changes that took place at the time was the territorial expansion of the state. In this sense, The policy of conquest carried out by the Hasmoneans led to a major expansion of Jewish territory, achieved by expulsion and dispossession of non-Jewish population groups. In principle, these new territories became the property of the ruler, that is, the reigning family, just as was the case under the Hellenistic monarchies (Schfer, 2003). From this point of view it can be said that the dynasty played an important role in establishing the Jews as a unitary group on a definite territory. Another major role played by the dynasty was in the creation of a standing army of the Jewish state. With the use of mercenaries as part of their army, this allowed them to be in better control of their land and territory, both to protect him from outside threats, as well as to maintain its unity in the face of internal threats. Also during the Hasmonean Dynasty, the political scene changed as the Pharisees became an ever increasing force. Thus, while under Alexander Jannaeus, the Pharisees were subjected to outright persecution, under Jannaeus' successor, Salome Alexandra, they apparently rose to become the dominant party in the state (Schfer, 2003). Afterwards, new parties, that of the Zealots also emerged. However, the start for a certain type of political life became fully visible during the Harmonean Dynasty and from this point of view, it represents one of t...
Monday, November 4, 2019
Banking System and Macroeconomic Effects â⬠MyAssignmenthelp
Crypto currencies are forms of digital currency. These currencies use encryption techniques in order to regulate the generation of currency units. Bitcoin is one such crypto currency. Crypto currency is not yet considered as a legal tender in most countries. In fact, at present most of the central banks of the world are putting efforts to ban the trade of crypto currencies. Over the last few years, certain crypto currencies like Bitcoin have garnered immense attention from across different traders owing to their volatile nature. Bitcoin was introduced in the year 2009. The currency is traded without a middleman and with zero bank involvement. It is a peer to peer network through which this currency is traded and transactions are made directly to the parties. Bit coin can be used to trade in goods and services, some use it as a form of investment and some are using it for making payment of businesses (Popper, N., 2015). However, most countries have yet not accepted it as a legal payme nt methodology. It is similar to digital cash transaction as Bitcoin can also be sent through mobile applications and puters. Bitcoin is stored in a digital wallet. These wallets are used as a virtual bank account that allows users to save, send and receive their payments. These wallets are not recognised by the FDIC as methods of paying for goods or services. Bitcoin works as a medium of exchange for goods and services in four countries at the moment which are Japan, Canada, Germany and Holland. Bitcoin is considered to be a form of currency as it can be stored for future investments (Forrester and Solomon, 2013). Bitcoin investment of an individual can also reflect upon the purchasing power of consumer. Consumer have the option to buy the currency, hold it in their accounts or book profits as they deem profitable depending upon the volatility in the market (Bit coin, 2018). Merchants who accept Bit coin as a payment can convert it into standard currency that is in Dollars, Euros etc. Bitcoin has some advantages as it introduces a new payment mechanism; tipping system, automated payment solution, time locked payment management, public asset tracking, low trust escrow services, micro payment channels and more such facilities (Bit coin, 2018). Another advantage of Bitcoin is that its high volatility in the currency market makes it a ââ¬Ëhigh risk and high returnââ¬â¢ asset. Pegging any currency against the dollar refers to the act of fixing the currency value with respect to the value of Dollar. In other words we can say that the value of US dollar against the other currency is fixed and will not move irrespective of how the market functions. The process of pegging currency with US dollar is often conducted in oil extracting countries as US is the largest importer of oil. GCC economies are the third largest economy. The growth of this economy is highly dependent on selling oil (The Economist, 2018). By pegging the GCC against Dollar has several advantages and disadvantages. Pegging of currency eliminates the risk of currency fluctuations and the risks associated with it. This provides stability to the currency in the international currency market. Pegging encourages the regional currency valuation as the dollar is considered to be the standard currency and by pegging with dollar, currency of other country does not fluctuate (Brooking, 2018). In countries like Saudi Arabia and Venezuela pegging with US dollar has been done in order to protect the countries from the risk of currency fluctuations because US is the major importer for oil. Various countries opt for pegging in order to increase external trade in the country. As external trade increases, the GDP of the country also increases. When pegging of a currency is done to a higher value currency then the value of the country enhances in the public opinion making it an attractive destination to invest. Therefore investment b es easier in that country. This process also protect country from speculation Pegging also gives freedom to set rules and economic policies, interest rates and help to control inflation in the country. Therefore countries must peg their currencies to dollar in order to limit their risks. If a country currency is pegged with the US dollar then the country can take more loan as it will have a more stable environment and economy. Pegging also helps in getting better deals for international loans and interest rates provided the economyââ¬â¢s inflation is in control. The loan taken in the dollar value is harder to pay off because dollar has the high value as pared to the other currency. Therefore in the longer run, pegging would result in rising cost of capital and increased import prices (Espinoza and Prasad, 2010).à The country which pegs itââ¬â¢s currency with the USD has to maintain a high reserve of dollars. It means central bank of that country has to hold a high amount of reserves in US dollars (Financial Times, 2018). Holding of foreign currency reserve (dollar) indulges a cost which adversely affects the economy. Pegging also leads to an increase in inflation. Growth and development of a country is dependent on the performance of dollar. Monetary policies are restricted in every country and are wholly dependent on the performance of the currency to which the currency is pegged. Similarly in the case of US dollar and countries pegged with it, it means that if the value of US dollar falls the currency of other country will also fall and vice versa. Bitcoin, 2018. ââ¬ËBit coin for developersââ¬â¢. [Online]. Available at: à https://Bit coin.org/en/Bit coin-for-developers [ACCESSED ON 30 th march 2018] Bitcoin, 2018. ââ¬ËBit coin for individualââ¬â¢. [Online]. Available at: à https://Bit coin.org/en/Bit coin-for-individuals. [ACCESSED ON 30 th march 2018] Brooking, (2018). ââ¬ËSustaining the GCC currency pegs: The need for collaborationââ¬â¢. [Online]. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/research/sustaining-the-gcc-currency-pegs-the-need-for-collaboration/. [ACCESSED ON 31 th march 2018] Espinoza, R.A. and Prasad, A., 2010.à ââ¬ËNonperforming loans in the GCC banking system and their macroeconomic effects (No. 10-224)ââ¬â¢. International Monetary Fund. Financial Times, 2018. ââ¬ËGulfââ¬â¢s dollar peg makes senseââ¬â¢. [Online]. Available at: à https://www.eiu /industry/article/1725886356/will-the-gulf-co-operation-council-currency-pegs-survive/2017-09-13. [ACCESSED ON 31th march 2018] Forrester, D. and Solomon, M., 2013.à ââ¬ËBitcoin explained: Today's plete guide to tomorrow's currencyââ¬â¢. CreateSpace Independent publishing platform. Popper, N., 2015.à Digital gold: Bitcoin and the inside story of the misfits and millionaires trying to reinvent moneyà (pp. 156-197). New York: Harper. Tanha, H. and Dempsey, M., 2017. Derivatives usage in emerging markets following the GFC: Evidence from the GCC countries.à Emerging Markets Finance and Trade,à 53(1), pp.170-179. The Economist, 2018. ââ¬ËFinancial Servicesââ¬â¢. [Online]. Available at: à https://www.eiu /industry/article/1725886356/will-the-gulf-co-operation-council-currency-pegs-survive/2017-09-13. [ACCESSED ON 30 th march 2018]. The National, 2018. ââ¬ËWhy GCC states should ditch the dollar peg and switch to a currency basketââ¬â¢. [Online]. Available at: https://www.thenational.ae/business/economy/why-gcc-states-should-ditch-the-dollar-peg-and-switch-to-a-currency-basket-1.700668. [ACCESSED ON 31 th march 2018]
Saturday, November 2, 2019
The last financial crisis 2007-2009 has many implication on different Term Paper
The last financial crisis 2007-2009 has many implication on different markets , however there are some arguments that the gulf a - Term Paper Example Granting of loans in an uncontrolled manner, which resulted in the value of the loan exceeding that of the assets, was the root of the problem. These loans were provided to the borrowers without conducting a minimum check on their credit-worthiness. The result was that many of the borrowers failed to pay their loans back, which clearly reflected the financial status of the institutions and their inability to pay their obligations, thereby resulting into collapse. This paper investigates the severity of the impact on the GCC market. In this context, the financial market of the GCC countries has been considered along with special attention towards Qatar. The study revealed that the severity of the impact was not as huge as compared to the rest of the world. This can be due to the fact that the policy makers of GCC countries took ardent steps to mitigate the risk. Moreover, the Qatari economy did not get much affected and the banks were declared solvent in that time. However, the real e state business was seen to experience huge hit by the credit crunch. 1. Introduction In the year 2008 and 2009, the global economy was rocked by the financial crisis which was considered as the most devastating economic event, after the Great Depression in 1930s. The aftermath of this global crisis was felt in every part of the world. The global crisis was initiated by the low interest rate regime along with huge inflow of foreign funds that led to the housing construction boom and encouraged large consumption of debt-financing in USA. The Federal Government of United States made it possible for almost everyone to own a home by giving 1 percent rate on the mortgages. The loans that included the mortgages were given to almost everybody without checking the credit worthiness of the borrowers (Sivakumar and Krishnaswami, 2012). With the decline in the housing prices, the major financial institutions, which were involved in borrowing for investing in the subprime MBS, had reported signi ficant loss. This decrease in the price also resulted in a fall in the prices of the homes that worth less than the mortgage loans, which incentivised financially the entry towards the foreclosure. Towards the end of 2008, the crisis peaked. Several banks and other financial institutions of Europe and USA failed as a result of this crisis and governments were trying hard to save these institutions by bailing them out (Kasekende, Ndikumana and Rajhi, 2009; Anon., 2009). The crisis started propagating beyond its epicentre, thereby affecting not only the advanced economy, but also the emerging economies and the rich Arab GCC countries. This paper aims to analyse the degree of impact on the GCC countries. In this context, the paper will specially analyse the situation in Qatar and other GCC countries. 2. Literature Review 2.1 Evolvement and Concept of Global Financial Crisis The term financial crisis refers to the sudden reduction in the price of the assets, which can be financial, such as, bonds and shares and can even be materials like, equipments and machinery. This sudden reduction can result from the price bubble which indicates an abrupt and huge increase in the prices ending in a sudden collapse. Moreover, the bankruptcy of Lehman Brothers, the giant financial institu
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